Tindakan Moral Sebagai Dasar Etika Eksistensialisme Religius Muhammad Iqbal
Keywords:
Moral Action, Freedom, existentialism, religious ethics, co-creator of God
Abstract
In Muhammad Iqbal’s system of thought, the discussion of ethical values does not have serious attention from scholars. It can be understood when the discussion is reduced to the fact that Iqbal was not a thinker of ethics in strict sense and he did not write the books of ethics. But, Iqbal ‘s emphasis on the virtue of man’s action and freedom, as found in his Reconstruction and poems, can categorize him as one of muslim thinkers of ethics in broad sense. This paper argues that Iqbal’s ethical view is based on his interpretation of Islam which stresses on action. In addition, Iqbal’s respect to existential freedom of man does not alienate his ethical view from God’s freedom. Therefore, in one side, Iqbal shares his idea with a religious existentialist like Kierkegaard. In the other side, he critizes ethical view as voiced by Nietzsche.
References
Abdullah, M. Amin. 2004. Falsafah Kalam di Era Postmodernisme. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Ahmad, Aziz. 1944. “Iqbal’s Political Theory” dalam Taj Mohammed Khayal (Ed.) Iqbal as a Thinker. Lahore: SH. Muhammad Ashraf.
Ali, A. Mukti. 1993. Alam Pikiran Islam Modern di India dan Pakistan. Bandung: Mizan.
Bakar, Osman. 1998. Hierarki Ilmu: Membangun Rangka-Pikir Islamisasi Ilmu menurut Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Quthb Al-Din Al-Syirazi. Terj. Purwanto dari Classification of Knowledge in Islam: A Study in Islamic Philosophies in Islam. Bandung: Mizan.
Bertens, K. 1999. Etika. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Danusiri. 1996. Epistemologi dalam Tasawuf Iqbal. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Enver, Ishrat Hasan. 2004. Metafisika Iqbal. Terj. M. Fauzil Arifin dari The Metaphysics of Iqbal. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Fakhry, Majid. 1983. Sejarah Filsafat Islam. Terj. Mulyadhi Kartanegara dari A History of Islamic Phi-losophy. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Fauzi, Ihsan Ali dan Nurul Agustina. 1992. Sisi Manusiawi Iqbal. Bandung: Mizan.
Hadi WM, Abdul. 2000. Islam: Cakrawala Estetik dan Budaya. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus.
Huda, Mh. Nurul. 2004.” Ideologi sebagai Praktek Kebudayaan” dalam DriyarkaraTh. Xxvii No. 3/2004 hal. 50-61.
Hawasi. 2003. Eksistensialisme Mohammad Iqbal. Jakarta: Wedatama Widya Sastra.
Iqbal, Muhammad. 2004. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Diedit dan dianotasi oleh M. Saeed Sheikh. India: Adam Publishers.
Iqbal, Muhammad.1953. Rahasia-Rahasia Diri. Terj. Bahrum Rangkuti dari Asrar-i Khudi. Jakarta: Pustaka Islam.
Iqbal, Muhammad.1985. Pesan dari Timur. Terj. Abdul Hadi WM dari Message from the East. Ban-dung: Pustaka.
Iqbal, Muhammad. 2003. Javid Namah. Terj. & Peng. Hartojo Andangdjaja. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya
Khuza’i, Rodliyah. 2007. Dialog Epistemologi Mohammad Iqbal dan Charles S. Peirce. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Lidinillah, Mustofa Anshori. 2005. Agama dan Aktualisasi Diri: Perspektif Filsafat Muhammad Iqbal. Yogyakarta: Badan Penerbitan Filsafat UGM.
Ma’arif, Ahmad Syafi’i.1984. Islam, Kenapa Tidak!. Yogyakarta: Shalahuddin Press.
Ma’arif, Ahmad Syafi’i. 2008. “Muhammad Iqbal dan Suara Kemanusiaan dari Timur” dalam pengantar Muhammad Iqbal. Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Agama dalam Islam. Terj. Ali Audah, Taufik Ismail, dan Goenawam Mohammad dari The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
Mahmood, Fayyaz. 1944. “Iqbal’s Attitude towards God” dalam Taj Mohammed Khayal (Ed.) Iqbal as a Thinker. Lahore: SH. Muhammad Ashraf.
Maitre, Miss Luce-Claude. 1996. Pengantar ke Pemikiran Iqbal. Terj. Djohan Effendi dari Introduc-tion to the Thought of Iqbal. Bandung: Mizan.
Muthahhari, Murtadha. 2001. Neraca Kebenaran & Kebatilan: Jelajah Alam Pikiran Islam. Terj. Najib Husain Alydrus dari Haq wa Batil dan Ihyaa-e Tafakkur-e Islami. Bogor: Cahaya.
Naharong, Abdul Muis. 2009. “Islamism Revisited: Menimbang Masa Depan Islamisme” dalam Jurnal Universitas Paramadina, Vol. 6 No. 1 April 2009 hal. 57-82.
Said, Edward W. 2002. Covering Islam: Bias Liputan Barat atas Dunia Islam. Terj. A. Asnawi & Su-priyanto Abdillah dari Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. Yogyakarta: Ikon Teralitera.
Saiyidain, K.G. 1954. Iqbal’s Educational Philosophy. Pakistan: SH. Muhammad Asraf.
Saiyidain, K.G.1944. “Progressive Trends in Iqbal’s Thought” dalam Taj Mohammed Khayal (Ed.) Iqbal as a Thinker. Lahore: SH. Muhammad Ashraf.
Schreiter, Robert J. 2005. “A New Modernity: Living and Believing in an Unstable World” dalam Melintas A Journal of Philosophy and Religion Vol. 21 No.2 Agustus-November 2005, hal. 143-187.
Shihab, Alwi. 1999. Islam Inklusif: Menuju Sikap Terbuka dalam Beragama. Bandung: Mizan.
Sugiharto, Bambang. 2005. “Religion Culture and Identity Revisited” dalam Melintas A Jornal of Philosophy and Religion Vol. 21 No.2 Agustus-November 2005, hal. 201-209.
Syari’ati, Ali. 1996. Humanisme: Antara Islam dan Mazhab Barat. Terj. Afif Muhammad dari Al-Insan, Al-Islam wa Madaris Al-Gharb. Bandung: Pustaka Hidayah.
Tibi, Bassam. 1996. “Moralitas Internasional sebagai Suatu Landasan Lintas Budaya” dalam M. Na-sir Tamara dan Elza Peldi Taher (Ed.). Agama dan Dialog antar Peradaban. Jakarta: Para-madina.
Van Bruinessen, Martin & Julia Day Howell (Ed.). 2008. Urban Sufism. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Van Peursen, A. 1997. Strategi Kebudayaan. Terj. Dick Hartoko dari Strategy of Culture. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Zubair, A. Charis. 1997. Etika Rekayasa menurut Konsep Islam. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Ahmad, Aziz. 1944. “Iqbal’s Political Theory” dalam Taj Mohammed Khayal (Ed.) Iqbal as a Thinker. Lahore: SH. Muhammad Ashraf.
Ali, A. Mukti. 1993. Alam Pikiran Islam Modern di India dan Pakistan. Bandung: Mizan.
Bakar, Osman. 1998. Hierarki Ilmu: Membangun Rangka-Pikir Islamisasi Ilmu menurut Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Quthb Al-Din Al-Syirazi. Terj. Purwanto dari Classification of Knowledge in Islam: A Study in Islamic Philosophies in Islam. Bandung: Mizan.
Bertens, K. 1999. Etika. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Danusiri. 1996. Epistemologi dalam Tasawuf Iqbal. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Enver, Ishrat Hasan. 2004. Metafisika Iqbal. Terj. M. Fauzil Arifin dari The Metaphysics of Iqbal. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Fakhry, Majid. 1983. Sejarah Filsafat Islam. Terj. Mulyadhi Kartanegara dari A History of Islamic Phi-losophy. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Fauzi, Ihsan Ali dan Nurul Agustina. 1992. Sisi Manusiawi Iqbal. Bandung: Mizan.
Hadi WM, Abdul. 2000. Islam: Cakrawala Estetik dan Budaya. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus.
Huda, Mh. Nurul. 2004.” Ideologi sebagai Praktek Kebudayaan” dalam DriyarkaraTh. Xxvii No. 3/2004 hal. 50-61.
Hawasi. 2003. Eksistensialisme Mohammad Iqbal. Jakarta: Wedatama Widya Sastra.
Iqbal, Muhammad. 2004. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Diedit dan dianotasi oleh M. Saeed Sheikh. India: Adam Publishers.
Iqbal, Muhammad.1953. Rahasia-Rahasia Diri. Terj. Bahrum Rangkuti dari Asrar-i Khudi. Jakarta: Pustaka Islam.
Iqbal, Muhammad.1985. Pesan dari Timur. Terj. Abdul Hadi WM dari Message from the East. Ban-dung: Pustaka.
Iqbal, Muhammad. 2003. Javid Namah. Terj. & Peng. Hartojo Andangdjaja. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya
Khuza’i, Rodliyah. 2007. Dialog Epistemologi Mohammad Iqbal dan Charles S. Peirce. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Lidinillah, Mustofa Anshori. 2005. Agama dan Aktualisasi Diri: Perspektif Filsafat Muhammad Iqbal. Yogyakarta: Badan Penerbitan Filsafat UGM.
Ma’arif, Ahmad Syafi’i.1984. Islam, Kenapa Tidak!. Yogyakarta: Shalahuddin Press.
Ma’arif, Ahmad Syafi’i. 2008. “Muhammad Iqbal dan Suara Kemanusiaan dari Timur” dalam pengantar Muhammad Iqbal. Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Agama dalam Islam. Terj. Ali Audah, Taufik Ismail, dan Goenawam Mohammad dari The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
Mahmood, Fayyaz. 1944. “Iqbal’s Attitude towards God” dalam Taj Mohammed Khayal (Ed.) Iqbal as a Thinker. Lahore: SH. Muhammad Ashraf.
Maitre, Miss Luce-Claude. 1996. Pengantar ke Pemikiran Iqbal. Terj. Djohan Effendi dari Introduc-tion to the Thought of Iqbal. Bandung: Mizan.
Muthahhari, Murtadha. 2001. Neraca Kebenaran & Kebatilan: Jelajah Alam Pikiran Islam. Terj. Najib Husain Alydrus dari Haq wa Batil dan Ihyaa-e Tafakkur-e Islami. Bogor: Cahaya.
Naharong, Abdul Muis. 2009. “Islamism Revisited: Menimbang Masa Depan Islamisme” dalam Jurnal Universitas Paramadina, Vol. 6 No. 1 April 2009 hal. 57-82.
Said, Edward W. 2002. Covering Islam: Bias Liputan Barat atas Dunia Islam. Terj. A. Asnawi & Su-priyanto Abdillah dari Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. Yogyakarta: Ikon Teralitera.
Saiyidain, K.G. 1954. Iqbal’s Educational Philosophy. Pakistan: SH. Muhammad Asraf.
Saiyidain, K.G.1944. “Progressive Trends in Iqbal’s Thought” dalam Taj Mohammed Khayal (Ed.) Iqbal as a Thinker. Lahore: SH. Muhammad Ashraf.
Schreiter, Robert J. 2005. “A New Modernity: Living and Believing in an Unstable World” dalam Melintas A Journal of Philosophy and Religion Vol. 21 No.2 Agustus-November 2005, hal. 143-187.
Shihab, Alwi. 1999. Islam Inklusif: Menuju Sikap Terbuka dalam Beragama. Bandung: Mizan.
Sugiharto, Bambang. 2005. “Religion Culture and Identity Revisited” dalam Melintas A Jornal of Philosophy and Religion Vol. 21 No.2 Agustus-November 2005, hal. 201-209.
Syari’ati, Ali. 1996. Humanisme: Antara Islam dan Mazhab Barat. Terj. Afif Muhammad dari Al-Insan, Al-Islam wa Madaris Al-Gharb. Bandung: Pustaka Hidayah.
Tibi, Bassam. 1996. “Moralitas Internasional sebagai Suatu Landasan Lintas Budaya” dalam M. Na-sir Tamara dan Elza Peldi Taher (Ed.). Agama dan Dialog antar Peradaban. Jakarta: Para-madina.
Van Bruinessen, Martin & Julia Day Howell (Ed.). 2008. Urban Sufism. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Van Peursen, A. 1997. Strategi Kebudayaan. Terj. Dick Hartoko dari Strategy of Culture. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Zubair, A. Charis. 1997. Etika Rekayasa menurut Konsep Islam. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Published
2021-11-18
How to Cite
Hawasi, H. (2021). Tindakan Moral Sebagai Dasar Etika Eksistensialisme Religius Muhammad Iqbal. DAWUH : Islamic Communication Journal, 2(3), 104-116. Retrieved from https://www.siducat.org/index.php/dawuh/article/view/532
Section
Articles
DAWUH: Islamic Communication Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the DAWUH: Islamic Communication Journal Natural Science is the first publisher, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
