Adoption of Digital Micro Wakaf Bank by Ultra-Micro and Micro Businesses in Indonesia
Keywords:
Adoption, Micro Waqf Bank, Ultra Micro Business, Islamic Financial Inclusision
Abstract
Background: Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the economy of Indonesia. Despite that fact, ultra-micro and micro entrepreneurs still face several constraints. Micro Waqf Bank (MWB) is one solution that utilizes Islamic social funds. This solution develops digital financial services to expand access to financing, efficiency of services, and business development. The limited study of ultra-micro and micro-entrepreneurs’ adoption of MWB’s digitalization makes this research important.
Method: This research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In this research, a sequential/stepwise mixed-methods strategy was used, with a sequential exploratory design. The analysis technique used in this research is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique, or what is usually called explanation making, namely, by using data analysis methods and describing the results of interview observations to find out in depth about the adoption of digital MWBs in the 5 MWBs. The quantitative method data analysis technique used by researchers uses the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method with SmartPLS software.
Results: The research results show that there are several obstacles that prevent the use of the MWB mobile from being used comprehensively. However, the intention of ultramicro and micro business actors who are BMW customers to use and adopt the BMW application or other digital BMWs as a means of payment transactions and personal and business development for business actors is quite good.
Conclusion: This study shows that the use of mobile MWB has not yet reached its full potential due to various challenges in its implementation and adoption. However, ultra-micro and micro business owners as MWB customers demonstrate a strong interest in using MWB’s digital services for transactions, business development, and capacity building. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing usability, aligning with the needs of MSMEs, and ensuring transaction security to increase the adoption of MWB’s digital services.
References
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Al Hammam, M., & Ul Hadi, N. (2024). Measuring Usage of Haraj Using the Technology Acceptance Model: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 925 LNNS, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54019-6_1
Alphonso, C. (2016). Generation X. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs041
Barkley, E., & Jokonya, O. (2024). Factors Affecting SMEs Emerging Technologies Adoption in Developing Countries: A Literature Review. Procedia Computer Science, 239, 1966–1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.06.381
Bisht, H. S., & Singh, D. (2020). Challenges faced by micro, small and medium enterprises: A systematic review. World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 16(3), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1504/WRSTSD.2020.113046
Bouhlel, O., & Mzoughi, M. N. (2024). An Investigation of Users’ Continuance Intention toward Mobile Banking Applications. International Journal of Business, 29(1), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.55802/IJB.029(1).005
Disemadi, H. S., & Roisah, K. (2019). KEBIJAKAN MODEL BISNIS BANK WAKAF MIKRO SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT. LAW REFORM; Vol 15, No 2 (2019)DO - 10.14710/Lr.V15i2.26176 . https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/lawreform/article/view/26176
El Amri, M., Mohammed, M., & Alkhalili, M. (2024). Fintech Adoption and its Investment Impact in Islamic Social Finance: The Case of Zakat. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 12, 213–254. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v12i2.17069
Fatmawati, I., Zulfanti, D. A., Aini, N., & Tsani, F. (2023). Young Customers’ Perception of Sharia Financial Services Mobile-Banking and Behavioral Intention Consequences. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 621 LNNS, 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26956-1_11
Fuadi, F., Hasibuan, A. F. H., Ilham, R. N., Falahuddin, F., Wahyuddin, W., Khaddafi, M., Munandar, M., & Saputra, J. (2021). Investigating the Effect of Micro Waqf Bank Sector Expansion on Poverty Alleviation: An Evidence from Indonesia Rural Communities. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240285491
Habibi, A., Arif Wijaya, H., Kopong Danibao, B., Wahyuni, S., & Omar Fauzee, M. S. (2026). TRAM for AI use in higher education: Pre-service teachers in Indonesia. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 13, 102568. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102568
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Hasiba, F. F., Sukmaningrum, P. S., Zusak, M. B. F., Mahmudah, S. N., & Ajija, S. (2021). The Strategies for Developing Micro Waqf Bank in Indonesia. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11, 271–285. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.800644
Hu, Z., Ding, S., Li, S., Chen, L., & Yang, S. (2019). Adoption intention of fintech services for bank users: An empirical examination with an extended technology acceptance model. Symmetry, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030340
Jena, R. (2025). Factors Influencing the Adoption of FinTech for the Enhancement of Financial Inclusion in Rural India Using a Mixed Methods Approach. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18030150
Lim, W., & Soesilo, P. K. M. (2024). Factors Affecting the Intention to Use Digital Banking Services: Case Study on Generation X in Greater Jakarta. In Studies in Big Data (Vol. 159, pp. 271–281). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71213-5_25
Mahmood, A., Imran, M., & Adil, K. (2023). Modeling Individual Beliefs to Transfigure Technology Readiness into Technology Acceptance in Financial Institutions. SAGE Open, 13, 215824402211497. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221149718
Maniam, S. (2025). Determinants of Islamic fi ntech adoption : a systematic literature review. September, 2916–2936. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2023-0373
Martens, M., Roll, O., & Elliott, R. (2017). Testing the Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model for Mobile Payments Across Germany and South Africa. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 14(06), 1750033. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021987701750033X
Moti, D. B., & Walia, N. (2020). The effects of compatibility, social influence, and perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness of mobile payment services. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(2), 1865–1873. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079642722&partnerID=40&md5=805fe03160805321abd3cb844a69aaba
Naatu, F., Selormey, F. S., & Naatu, S. (2025). Determinants of digital technology adoption in sub-Sahara Africa: Ghana. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 20(10), 4111–4133. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-09-2023-1503
Nor, B. A., Abdullahi, H. O., & Abdi, H. (2024). Examining the Factors Influencing Mobile Banking Adoption in Somalia: A Quantitative Study. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(2), 731–738. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190230
Norng, S. (2022). Factors Influencing Mobile Banking Adoption in Cambodia: The Structuring of TAM, DIT, and Trust with TPB. Asian Journal of Business Research, 12(3), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.220133
Nugroho, R. F. A., Hidayat, A., & Supardin, L. (2025). Determinants of Mobile Banking Users at Bank Syariah Indonesia. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1248 LNNS, 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1758-6_50
Othman, B., Harun, A., Ismail, D., Majed, Z., Sadq, Z., Ali, S., & Ramsey, T. (2019). Malaysian Consumer Behaviour towards Internet Banking: An Application of Technology Acceptance Model. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 23, 689–703. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V23I2/PR190324
Parasuraman, A. P. (2000). Technology Readiness Index (Tri): A Multiple-Item Scale to Measure Readiness to Embrace New Technologies. Journal of Service Research - J SERV RES, 2, 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050024001
Putri, G. A., Wijayanti, A. W., & Ariani, K. R. (2021). The Application of Technology Acceptance Model to Assess the Role of Complexity Toward Customer Acceptance on Mobile Banking. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 149, 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7990-5_25
Rafdinal, W., & Senalasari, W. (2020). Predicting the adoption of mobile payment applications during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(6), 984–1002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2020-0532
Sah, G. K., & Gautam, D. K. (2026). Mobile Banking User Adoption and Attitude to Behavioral Intention under Technology Acceptance Model in Nepal. Micro and Macro Marketing, 35(1), 67–93. https://doi.org/10.1431/115852
Saifurrahman, A., & Kassim, S. H. (2024). Regulatory issues inhibiting the financial inclusion: a case study among Islamic banks and MSMEs in Indonesia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 16(4), 589–617. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-05-2022-0086
Sembiring, M. J., Wibowo, W., & Dewi, G. C. (2022). Adoption of innovative mobile payment technologies in Indonesia: The role of attitude. Innovative Marketing, 18(2), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.18(2).2022.16
Shaikh, I., Qureshi, M., Noordin, K., Shaikh, J., Khan, A., & Shahbaz, M. (2020). Acceptance of Islamic financial technology (FinTech) banking services by Malaysian users: an extension of technology acceptance model. Foresight, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-12-2019-0105
Suswanto, R. E., Wahyudi, I., Rahmawati, R., & Said, M. (2025). Bridging Faith and Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review of Islamic FinTech Adoption Patterns and Regulatory Frameworks (2020-2024). Al-Muamalat, 12(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.15575/am.v12i1.41417
Tanchangya, T., Al Mamun, M. A., Akter, T., Hossain, B., AbdulBaten, A. M., Islam, N., & Alam, M. K. (2026). Factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and the moderating role of social influence in the banking industry. Discover Psychology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00521-6
Toan Duc Le, T., Nguyen, P., Ho, V., Ho, T., Nguyen, Q., & Le, N. (2018). Technology Acceptance and Future of Internet Banking in Vietnam. Foresight and STI Governance, 12, 36–48. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2018.2.36.48
Valsamidis, S., Tsourgiannis, L., Pappas, D., & Mosxou, E. (2020). Digital Banking in the New Era: Exploring Customers’ Attitudes. In Contributions to Economics (pp. 91–104). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57517-5_6
Walczuch, R., Lemmink, J., & Streukens, S. (2007). The effect of service employees’ technology readiness on technology acceptance. Information & Management, 44(2), 206–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.12.005
Wardhono, A., Modjo, M. I., & Utami, E. W. (2019). Role of credit guarantee for financing MSMEs: Evidence from rural and urban areas in Indonesia. In Unlocking SME Finance in Asia: Roles of Credit Rating and Credit Guarantee Schemes (pp. 187–216). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429401060-9
Weerakoon, C., Athukorala, W., & Ekanayake, A. (2026). Introduction to MSMEs in South and Southeast Asia: Framework and Importance. In MSME Development in South and Southeast Asia: Navigating Growth and Challenges (pp. 3–12). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003666165-2
Wuryan, A., Ganis, S. E., Nur, M. M., Aziz, A., & Hamiza, A. (2025). Assessing the financial sustainability of micro waqf banks : insights from Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2488117
Zaluchu, S. E., Usmanij, P., & Ratten, V. (2022). Market Bank as Alternative to MSMEs Fund Provider: Lesson of Entrepreneurship from Indonesia. In Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics (pp. 43–52). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4795-6_4
Abdullah, F. D., Is, M. S., Wiwaha, S. M., Negeri, U. I., & Palembang, R. F. (2024). Contemporary Challenges for Sharia Financual Insttutions to Increase Competitiveness and Product Innovation perspective of Sharia Economic Law: evidence in Indonesia. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 3(2), 141–173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i2.9202
Ahmad, I., & Dixit, D. (2025). Digital Disruption in Retail Industry: Adoption of Digital Technology Amongst Small Retail Store Owners. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope, 06, 1495–1504. https://doi.org/10.47857/irjms.2025.v06i03.04847
Akinwale, Y. O., & Kyari, A. K. (2022). Factors influencing attitudes and intention to adopt financial technology services among the end-users in Lagos State, Nigeria. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 14(1), 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2020.1835177
Al Hammam, M., & Ul Hadi, N. (2024). Measuring Usage of Haraj Using the Technology Acceptance Model: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 925 LNNS, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54019-6_1
Alphonso, C. (2016). Generation X. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs041
Barkley, E., & Jokonya, O. (2024). Factors Affecting SMEs Emerging Technologies Adoption in Developing Countries: A Literature Review. Procedia Computer Science, 239, 1966–1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.06.381
Bisht, H. S., & Singh, D. (2020). Challenges faced by micro, small and medium enterprises: A systematic review. World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 16(3), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1504/WRSTSD.2020.113046
Bouhlel, O., & Mzoughi, M. N. (2024). An Investigation of Users’ Continuance Intention toward Mobile Banking Applications. International Journal of Business, 29(1), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.55802/IJB.029(1).005
Disemadi, H. S., & Roisah, K. (2019). KEBIJAKAN MODEL BISNIS BANK WAKAF MIKRO SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT. LAW REFORM; Vol 15, No 2 (2019)DO - 10.14710/Lr.V15i2.26176 . https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/lawreform/article/view/26176
El Amri, M., Mohammed, M., & Alkhalili, M. (2024). Fintech Adoption and its Investment Impact in Islamic Social Finance: The Case of Zakat. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 12, 213–254. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v12i2.17069
Fatmawati, I., Zulfanti, D. A., Aini, N., & Tsani, F. (2023). Young Customers’ Perception of Sharia Financial Services Mobile-Banking and Behavioral Intention Consequences. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 621 LNNS, 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26956-1_11
Fuadi, F., Hasibuan, A. F. H., Ilham, R. N., Falahuddin, F., Wahyuddin, W., Khaddafi, M., Munandar, M., & Saputra, J. (2021). Investigating the Effect of Micro Waqf Bank Sector Expansion on Poverty Alleviation: An Evidence from Indonesia Rural Communities. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240285491
Habibi, A., Arif Wijaya, H., Kopong Danibao, B., Wahyuni, S., & Omar Fauzee, M. S. (2026). TRAM for AI use in higher education: Pre-service teachers in Indonesia. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 13, 102568. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102568
Han, J., & Ko, D. (2025). Mobile Financial Service Adoption Among Elderly Consumers: The Roles of Technology Anxiety, Familiarity, and Age. In FinTech (Vol. 4, Issue 3, p. 36). https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech4030036
Hasiba, F. F., Sukmaningrum, P. S., Zusak, M. B. F., Mahmudah, S. N., & Ajija, S. (2021). The Strategies for Developing Micro Waqf Bank in Indonesia. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11, 271–285. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.800644
Hu, Z., Ding, S., Li, S., Chen, L., & Yang, S. (2019). Adoption intention of fintech services for bank users: An empirical examination with an extended technology acceptance model. Symmetry, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030340
Jena, R. (2025). Factors Influencing the Adoption of FinTech for the Enhancement of Financial Inclusion in Rural India Using a Mixed Methods Approach. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18030150
Lim, W., & Soesilo, P. K. M. (2024). Factors Affecting the Intention to Use Digital Banking Services: Case Study on Generation X in Greater Jakarta. In Studies in Big Data (Vol. 159, pp. 271–281). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71213-5_25
Mahmood, A., Imran, M., & Adil, K. (2023). Modeling Individual Beliefs to Transfigure Technology Readiness into Technology Acceptance in Financial Institutions. SAGE Open, 13, 215824402211497. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221149718
Maniam, S. (2025). Determinants of Islamic fi ntech adoption : a systematic literature review. September, 2916–2936. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2023-0373
Martens, M., Roll, O., & Elliott, R. (2017). Testing the Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model for Mobile Payments Across Germany and South Africa. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 14(06), 1750033. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021987701750033X
Moti, D. B., & Walia, N. (2020). The effects of compatibility, social influence, and perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness of mobile payment services. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(2), 1865–1873. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079642722&partnerID=40&md5=805fe03160805321abd3cb844a69aaba
Naatu, F., Selormey, F. S., & Naatu, S. (2025). Determinants of digital technology adoption in sub-Sahara Africa: Ghana. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 20(10), 4111–4133. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-09-2023-1503
Nor, B. A., Abdullahi, H. O., & Abdi, H. (2024). Examining the Factors Influencing Mobile Banking Adoption in Somalia: A Quantitative Study. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(2), 731–738. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190230
Norng, S. (2022). Factors Influencing Mobile Banking Adoption in Cambodia: The Structuring of TAM, DIT, and Trust with TPB. Asian Journal of Business Research, 12(3), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.220133
Nugroho, R. F. A., Hidayat, A., & Supardin, L. (2025). Determinants of Mobile Banking Users at Bank Syariah Indonesia. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1248 LNNS, 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1758-6_50
Othman, B., Harun, A., Ismail, D., Majed, Z., Sadq, Z., Ali, S., & Ramsey, T. (2019). Malaysian Consumer Behaviour towards Internet Banking: An Application of Technology Acceptance Model. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 23, 689–703. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V23I2/PR190324
Parasuraman, A. P. (2000). Technology Readiness Index (Tri): A Multiple-Item Scale to Measure Readiness to Embrace New Technologies. Journal of Service Research - J SERV RES, 2, 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050024001
Putri, G. A., Wijayanti, A. W., & Ariani, K. R. (2021). The Application of Technology Acceptance Model to Assess the Role of Complexity Toward Customer Acceptance on Mobile Banking. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 149, 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7990-5_25
Rafdinal, W., & Senalasari, W. (2020). Predicting the adoption of mobile payment applications during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(6), 984–1002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2020-0532
Sah, G. K., & Gautam, D. K. (2026). Mobile Banking User Adoption and Attitude to Behavioral Intention under Technology Acceptance Model in Nepal. Micro and Macro Marketing, 35(1), 67–93. https://doi.org/10.1431/115852
Saifurrahman, A., & Kassim, S. H. (2024). Regulatory issues inhibiting the financial inclusion: a case study among Islamic banks and MSMEs in Indonesia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 16(4), 589–617. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-05-2022-0086
Sembiring, M. J., Wibowo, W., & Dewi, G. C. (2022). Adoption of innovative mobile payment technologies in Indonesia: The role of attitude. Innovative Marketing, 18(2), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.18(2).2022.16
Shaikh, I., Qureshi, M., Noordin, K., Shaikh, J., Khan, A., & Shahbaz, M. (2020). Acceptance of Islamic financial technology (FinTech) banking services by Malaysian users: an extension of technology acceptance model. Foresight, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-12-2019-0105
Suswanto, R. E., Wahyudi, I., Rahmawati, R., & Said, M. (2025). Bridging Faith and Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review of Islamic FinTech Adoption Patterns and Regulatory Frameworks (2020-2024). Al-Muamalat, 12(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.15575/am.v12i1.41417
Tanchangya, T., Al Mamun, M. A., Akter, T., Hossain, B., AbdulBaten, A. M., Islam, N., & Alam, M. K. (2026). Factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and the moderating role of social influence in the banking industry. Discover Psychology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00521-6
Toan Duc Le, T., Nguyen, P., Ho, V., Ho, T., Nguyen, Q., & Le, N. (2018). Technology Acceptance and Future of Internet Banking in Vietnam. Foresight and STI Governance, 12, 36–48. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2018.2.36.48
Valsamidis, S., Tsourgiannis, L., Pappas, D., & Mosxou, E. (2020). Digital Banking in the New Era: Exploring Customers’ Attitudes. In Contributions to Economics (pp. 91–104). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57517-5_6
Walczuch, R., Lemmink, J., & Streukens, S. (2007). The effect of service employees’ technology readiness on technology acceptance. Information & Management, 44(2), 206–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.12.005
Wardhono, A., Modjo, M. I., & Utami, E. W. (2019). Role of credit guarantee for financing MSMEs: Evidence from rural and urban areas in Indonesia. In Unlocking SME Finance in Asia: Roles of Credit Rating and Credit Guarantee Schemes (pp. 187–216). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429401060-9
Weerakoon, C., Athukorala, W., & Ekanayake, A. (2026). Introduction to MSMEs in South and Southeast Asia: Framework and Importance. In MSME Development in South and Southeast Asia: Navigating Growth and Challenges (pp. 3–12). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003666165-2
Wuryan, A., Ganis, S. E., Nur, M. M., Aziz, A., & Hamiza, A. (2025). Assessing the financial sustainability of micro waqf banks : insights from Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2488117
Zaluchu, S. E., Usmanij, P., & Ratten, V. (2022). Market Bank as Alternative to MSMEs Fund Provider: Lesson of Entrepreneurship from Indonesia. In Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics (pp. 43–52). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4795-6_4
Published
2026-06-19
How to Cite
Nasution, D. sartika, Intan Kusuma Pratiwi, & Dahruji. (2026). Adoption of Digital Micro Wakaf Bank by Ultra-Micro and Micro Businesses in Indonesia. Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ), 7(2), 353-366. https://doi.org/10.62159/sembj.v7i2.2237
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